Abstract
This study examined the relationship between family-work role conflict and work self-efficacy among Israeli mothers during the Swords of Iron War emergency, focusing on coping resources such as optimism and conflict management strategies. The participants included 182 working mothers of young children experiencing heightened stress due to the ongoing war. Of the three examined coping strategies, routine maintenance was most prevalent, followed by reorganization of work and family roles, and seeking help from the environment. Routine maintenance was the only strategy directly related to work self-efficacy. Optimism contributed indirectly to work self-efficacy through routine maintenance. It is concluded that maintaining a routine is crucial for coping with role conflict during community emergencies, as it enhances work self-efficacy both directly and indirectly by fostering optimism. Practical recommendations include training women in adopting routine strategies, fostering optimism, and emphasizing the importance of maintaining routine during prolonged periods of community stress.