Abstract
AIM: This study evaluated the amount of bone regeneration and its microarchitectural integrity in peri-implant gaps in rabbits treated with one of the following approaches: Bovine bone combined with hyaluronic acid (HyA), bovine bone alone, or left untreated as an empty defect.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult male New Zealand White rabbits were included in this study. In each group (n = 10), a critical bone defect (6 mm diameter × 4 mm depth) was surgically prepared using a trephine bur under copious saline irrigation in the femoral condyle bone. A dental implant was subsequently placed into each defect. The peri-implant defects were left untreated (no biomaterial), filled with bovine bone alone, and filled with bovine bone combined with (HyA) in groups I, II, and III, respectively. All rabbits were randomly selected for euthanasia after 2 months, implant stability, and marginal bone loss (MBL) were evaluated. Then, the bone samples were processed for histological analysis.
RESULTS: The highest Implant stability after 2 months was recorded with the group bovine bone combined with HyA (74.69 ± 0.75), followed by the bovine bone alone group (70.25 ± 0.82), and the lowest implant stability in a control group (65.10 ± 0.77), (p < 0.001*), which was supported by a significant difference in MBL between groups (p < 0.001*). The highest MBL was measured in the control group (0.63 ± 0.15). The percentage of newly formed bone in the grafted groups was significantly higher compared to the control group (4.10 ± 0.14) (p < 0.05), as measured by histomorphometry.
CONCLUSION: The combination of HyA with bovine bone exhibits a combined effect promoting bone regeneration and graft replacement. This approach enhances osseointegration of the implant.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of HyA in conjunction with bovine bone improves both the rate and quality of newly formed bone potentially increase the osseointegration of the implant and reducing alveolar ridge resorption. How to cite this article: Dakhil R, Abdulrahman M, Kandil I, et al. Evaluation of Hyaluronic Acid in Addition to Xenograft Material in Treatment of Peri-implant Bony Defects in Immediate Implant Placement: An Animal Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(9):876-882.