Gupta, Rekha, Lipi Uppal, Malvika Gupta, Sanjeev Jindal, and Jeet R Kashyap. 2025. “Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: A Case Series.”. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 73 (7S): 50-53.
Abstract
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare cyanotic congenital heart disease with abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins (PVs) into a systemic vein or right atrium (RA). It is divided into four types on the basis of anatomical pattern of drainage: supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed type. The mixed variant is further divided into the "3 + 1" and "2 + 2" patterns. Our series illustrates three of these subtypes, that is, "3 + 1" mixed type, cardiac type, and obstructive infracardiac type with PVs draining into portal vein.