Publications

AIM: The study aims to evaluate the effect of fluoridated and non-fluoridated mouthwash on the rate of tooth movement and surface topography changes of nickel-titanium (NiTi) and multistranded stainless steel arch wires.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients aged 18-30 years with moderate mandibular anterior crowding [Little's Irregularity Index (LII): 4-6 mm] were selected and randomly divided into two groups (n = 10) and were assigned by archwire type: Group I (NiTi) and group II (multistranded SS). Each group was subdivided into fluoridated (Colgate MaxFresh Mouthwash; groups IA and IIA) and non-fluoridated (Listerine; groups IB and IIB) mouthwash subgroups (n = 5). The rate of tooth movement was assessed monthly for 3 months using LII, and the surface topography of the retrieved wires was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were recorded and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: Both group I and group II demonstrated a reduction in LII over the 3 months. The non-fluoridated subgroup of group I had the greatest reduction (from 5.58 ± 0.12 mm at T0 to 0.76 ± 0.03 mm at T3) compared to the fluoridated subgroup (from 4.80 ± 0.11 to 0.50 ± 0.07 mm). For group II, the non-fluoridated subgroup reduced from 5.26 ± 0.12 mm to 0.73 ± 0.04 mm, and the fluoridated subgroup reduced from 4.27 ± 0.15 mm to 0.43 ± 0.07 mm. Intragroup comparisons were statistically significant over time (p < 0.001; Friedman test), and intergroup differences at each time point also proved statistically significant (p < 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test). The SEM showed more significant surface damage (pitting, corrosion, and inclusions) in wires exposed to the fluoridated mouthwash group than the non-fluoridated rinse.

CONCLUSION: Non-fluoridated mouth rinses seem to aid in orthodontic tooth movement rates, especially with NiTi arch wire, while fluoridated mouth rinses can inhibit arch wire efficacy.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study addresses the lack of in vivo evidence regarding the impact of frequently used mouth rinses on orthodontic treatment efficiency. These findings will assist in selecting adjunctive mouth rinses to maintain the integrity of the arch wire and improve the rate of movement during the alignment phase. How to cite this article: Gadde H, Kumar S, Bhattu BK, et al. Effect of Fluoridated and Non-fluoridated Mouthwash on Tooth Movement and Surface Topography Changes of Arch Wires: An In Vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(11):1079-1086.

AIM: This in vitro study evaluated the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of two nanohybrid resin composites to caries-affected dentin (CAD) after pretreatment with different hesperidin (HPN) concentrations, before and after thermocycling.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty extracted human molars were assigned to two groups by composite type (Filtek Z250 XT, Grandio; n = 40 each) and subdivided into four pretreatment protocols (n = 10): control (no treatment), 0.5%, 1%, or 2% HPN. Half of the specimens in each subgroup were subjected to thermocycling. Microtensile bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way and three-way ANOVA followed by post hoc tests (α = 0.05).

RESULTS: Bond strength was significantly affected by HPN concentration and thermocycling. Non-aged Filtek and Grandio showed higher values (up to 39.90 ± 10.67 and 45.87 ± 13.37 MPa, respectively), while aging reduced strength in specific subgroups (Filtek no-treatment: p = 0.016; Grandio 0.5% HPN: p = 0.004; 2% HPN: p = 0.033). Overall, 0.5% HPN maintained better adhesive performance after aging, whereas higher concentrations showed diminished stability. Failure mode analysis supported these trends, with higher bond strength linked to cohesive/mixed failures.

CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with 0.5% HPN significantly improved bond strength and durability to CAD, while higher concentrations reduced performance, especially after thermocycling.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Applying 0.5% HPN as a dentin pretreatment may enhance the longevity of composite restorations in cases involving CAD. How to cite this article: Abdel-Salam FD, Sheta N, Eid EG. Effect of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors on the Bonding Durability of Nanocomposite Resin to Caries-affected Dentin: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(11):1096-1102.

AIM: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA) and mint-flavored toothpaste in the recovery from persistent sensory loss.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pilot study of 16 adult patients suffering from anosmia or severe hypoanosmia in Baghdad was selected purposively from a larger sample of 135, examined using the Modified Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center ("modified CCCRC") test between October 2023 and January 2024 and then re-examined 3 weeks later after twice-daily use of the toothpaste, using the same repeatable, objective method, the modified CCCRC test.

RESULTS: The majority of participants were within the age-group of >35 years at 75%, and 56% were males. There was a significant difference between the median composite scores of thresholds and identification of the smell beside the taste score before and after using the toothpaste (p < 0.001, 0.023), respectively.

CONCLUSION: Smell and taste scores increase after weeks of daily twice using the hyaluronic toothpaste.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The combination of HA and mint odor in the same product was effective in promoting the recovery of the sense of smell and improving the quality of life of the study participants. How to cite this article: Abdulrida FM, Hadartie SF, Hobballah AI. The Effect of Hyaluronic acid Toothpaste in Smell and Taste Recovery: A Pilot Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(11):1103-1108.

This review article explores the concept of de-generacy as a fundamental yet underutilised principle in evolutionary anthropology. De-generacy, defined as structurally distinct elements performing overlapping functions, is widely recognised in genetics, neurobiology, and immunology but remains overlooked in cultural evolution. Distinguishing de-generacy from redundancy-where identical structures fulfill the same role-is crucial for understanding adaptability, resilience, and innovation in both biological and cultural systems. Despite its explanatory potential, de-generacy has been largely absent from anthropological discourse due to historical baggage and terminological confusion. The misuse of "degeneracy" in colonial and eugenic narratives has hindered its application, even as contemporary evolutionary theory-particularly the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis-highlights structural variation as a driver of adaptive complexity. Consequently, an opportunity to refine methodologies in anthropological research, particularly in modelling cultural transmission, has been overlooked. De-generacy is a distributed property of complex adaptive systems that, in many circles of science, has been hidden in plain sight, overlooked because of a reductionist bias, and ignored because the term itself is misleading. This article clarifies the distinction between de-generacy and redundancy and demonstrates its significance in biological anthropology. Empirical examples illustrate degeneracy across multiple domains, including linguistic variation, kinship terminologies, and ritual practices. A comparative case study of Indonesian Silek and Brazilian Capoeira provides a snapshot of how structurally distinct yet functionally similar cultural formations emerge across diverse contexts. These examples reinforce de-generacy as a key explanatory principle in cultural resilience and transformation. By integrating degeneracy into evolutionary anthropology, this article advances a more nuanced understanding of cultural transmission and transformation. Recognising structurally diverse yet functionally coherent practices enhances models of cultural evolution, moving beyond strictly adaptationist explanations. Ultimately, degeneracy provides a robust conceptual tool for analysing variation, complexity, and persistence in human evolutionary systems, warranting greater attention in interdisciplinary research.

Cervical cancer is the gynecological malignancy that ranks third worldwide. It consists histologically of multiple subtypes, such as squamous cell carcinoma, which is the most common (65%), then adenocarcinoma (15%) and other types such as neuroendocrine, adenosquamous and carcinosarcoma tumours, which are less common. According to the World Health Organisation, lymphoepithelioma-type carcinoma has been described as an uncommon subtype and a variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Its pathogenesis is related to the presence of the human Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus. We present the case of a woman diagnosed with squamous cell lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the cervix that was comprehensively managed with radical hysterectomy alone, presenting a good response and without recurrence.

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) refers to a decline in cognitive function in patients during and after cancer treatment and is mainly associated with the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT). As CT is still an essential component in the treatment of many cancers and taking into account the fact that cancer survival rates are increasing, CRCI may negatively impact the quality of life and working capacity of a growing number of individuals, especially those treated with curative intent in conditions such as breast cancer. There is still a need to address several issues related to CRCI, namely: the improved identification of risk factors, earlier diagnosis, more effective treatment strategies and prevention. Currently, the diagnosis relies on a multidisciplinary evaluation using neuropsychological tests, and rehabilitation remains the only treatment option available. A better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of CRCI is essential to improve the daily care and long-term outcomes of these patients.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify key aspects of health-related quality of life in women with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and analyse their links to factors and treatment modalities.

METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2023 in Ulin Regional Public Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, involving LABC women whose quality of life (QoL) was assessed using Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Breast Cancer 23. Data were analysed using ANOVA, independent t-tests for parametric data, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for non-parametric data and significant variables (p < 0.05) included in a final regression model for identifying predictors.

RESULTS: Of 100 participants (mean age 50 years), most had low education levels (41%), were unemployed (74%) and had stage IIIB cancer. Body image score was the highest, while systemic therapy side effect was the lowest. Better sexual enjoyment was reported in post-menopausal women (p = 0.043), those with higher education (p = 0.036) and married individuals (p = 0.021). Higher economic status was associated with better sexual enjoyment (p = 0.008) and fewer breast symptoms (p = 0.011); however, economic status was negatively associated with employment status (p = 0.043). Worsening arm symptoms were associated with prolonged illness (p = 0.022). Surgical intervention was associated with higher body image (p = 0.010) and lower systemic side effects (p = 0.023). Traditional medicine was associated with lower arm symptoms (p = 0.026). Economic/occupational status explained 10.5% of sexual functioning scores.

CONCLUSION: Poor QoL in LABC patients overall was associated with low sociodemographic conditions, late presentation and chemotherapy-related side effects.

BACKGROUND: The first population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) in Bihar state, India was established at Muzaffarpur by the Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Mumbai. This article presents the cancer burden, its pattern for the years 2018-2021 and population-based survival for the years 2018 cases followed till 2023.

METHODS: The registry follows an active method of case finding which includes visits to the hospital, diagnostic and treatment facilities centres, birth and death registration office. Cases were collected through village visit, community interaction and verbal autopsy. After quality and consistency checks by senior staff of TMC, Mumbai; data are entered into the CanReg5 software. The cancer registry has faced several challenges in data collection, such as poor maintenance of medical records noncooperation of the hospital and patient's relatives reluctant to share the cancer case information. Most patients travel long distances for diagnosis and treatment. The challenges faced by the registry were overcome with the help of the administrative support of the district authorities.The rates were calculated using standard registry methods. The survival of 2018 incidence cases (followed till 31st December 2023) was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier and Pohar Perme method.

RESULTS: In the period 2018-2021, a total of 2,916 cancer cases (Male: 1,436 (49.2%) and Female: 1,480 (50.7%)) were registered. The incidence rates for males and females were 40.2 and 46.8 per 100,000 population, respectively. Whereas 2,076 cancer deaths (Male: 1,049 (50.5%) and Female: 1,027 (49.5%)) were registered and mortality rates were 29.6 and 32.6 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively. The leading cancer sites for males are mouth (AAR 6.0), tongue (2.6), prostate (2.0), gallbladder (1.9), liver (1.6); and for females, breast (11.1), cervix uteri (6.3), gallbladder (5.2), lung (1.9) and ovary (1.6).Among men, 5-year age-standardised relative survival (age 0-74 years) of mouth, prostate and tongue cancer cases were 25.59%, 30.41% and 31.90%, respectively. Similarly, among females, it was 32.39% of breast, 20.73% of cervix uteri. None of the gallbladder cases survived after 3 year and 5 years of diagnosis.

CONCLUSION: The population-based cancer registry has successfully generated good-quality data, which can be utilised to plan cancer control programs, enhance the infrastructure for cancer care and facilitate etiological research in this population. Given the poor survival of leading sites in Muzaffarpur, emphasis must be laid on strengthening effective cancer control strategies for these cancers.Due to several challenges faced by the registry, we have noted underreporting. In the coming years, due to improvements in the infrastructure and raising awareness about the use of registry data in planning cancer care services, we are expecting an improvement in cancer registration.

Spatial attention and eye movements jointly contribute to efficient sampling of visual information in the environment, but maintaining precise spatial attention across saccades becomes challenging due to the drastic retinal shifts. Previous studies have provided evidence that spatial attention may remap imperfectly across saccades, incurring systematic feature inference with ongoing perception, yet the role of saccade predictability remains largely untested. In the current study, we investigated whether spatiotemporal predictability of saccades influences postsaccadic remapping and feature perception. In two preregistered experiments, we implemented the postsaccadic feature report paradigm and manipulated spatiotemporal predictability of saccades. Experiment 1 manipulated spatial and temporal saccade predictability together, whereas Experiment 2 dissociated the roles of spatial and temporal predictability in separate conditions. In addition to spatial and temporal saccade predictability both improving general task performance, we found that spatial saccade predictability specifically modulated postsaccadic feature interference. When saccades were spatially unpredictable, "swap errors" occurred at the early postsaccadic time point, where participants misreported the retinotopic color instead of the spatiotopic target color. However, the swapping errors were reduced when saccades were made spatially predictable. These results suggest that systematic feature interference associated with postsaccadic remapping is malleable to expectations of the upcoming saccade target location, highlighting the role of predictions in maintaining perceptual stability across saccades.