Publications

AIM: To evaluate and compare the gingival and periodontal health status in patients after using Matcha mouthrinse and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate mouthwash and also evaluate the efficacy of Matcha extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: It is a randomized clinical trial study with 32 adult patients having mild-to-moderate gingivitis and periodontitis. They were divided into two groups, each with 16 patients. Group A was given Matcha extract, and group B was given 2% CHX gluconate. All participants were brought to baseline by oral prophylaxis. They were asked to use their particular group mouth rinse for rinsing twice a day for 1 minute. Indices were taken at baseline, 7, 14, and 28 days. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was checked for Matcha extract on both P. gingivalis and S. mutans bacteria, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was taken at baseline and after 28 days to check colony-forming units (CFUs) of the samples.

RESULTS: Matcha mouthrinse significantly reduced the inflammatory condition of gingivitis and periodontitis (p < 0.05) and is comparable with 2% CHX gluconate. In vitro evaluation of Matcha extract at various concentrations of MIC shows its effectiveness on P. gingivalis and S. mutans.

CONCLUSION: To conclude, Matcha mouthrinse may be recommended as an alternative mouthrinse for improving oral health status.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The findings of this study suggest that Matcha mouthrinse, a natural and antioxidant-rich alternative, is effective in reducing gingival and periodontal inflammation, with outcomes comparable to the gold standard 2% CHX gluconate. Additionally, Matcha extract demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against key periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis and S. mutans. This highlights its potential as a safer, herbal-based adjunct in periodontal therapy, especially for patients seeking non-chemical or side-effect-free options for maintaining oral hygiene and preventing disease progression. How to cite this article: Gadekar AV, Dodamani AS, Vishwakarma PK, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Herbal Matcha Extract and 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate on Periodontal Health Status: A Clinico-microbiological Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(5):488-492.

AIM: This study compared the shade matching, color difference, and patient satisfaction of lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD) and the new gradient technology zirconia (5Y-TZP\3Y-TZP) (IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime) crowns in the esthetic zone.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 ceramic crowns were divided into two groups (n = 12), and patients were allocated randomly into group E (IPS e.max CAD) and group Z (IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime). After final cementation, shade matching to the reference tooth was evaluated by three experienced evaluators using Modified United States Public Health Service criteria. The color difference ΔE was measured using intraoral spectrophotometer and evaluated for each group. Patient satisfaction of the two groups was assessed using the visual analog scale. The follow-up was at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between group E and group Z (p-value = 1, effect size = 1.316) concerning the shade matching. There was no change by time in scores in each group. Color difference: IPS e.max CAD showed statistically significantly higher ΔE than IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime. Regarding each material, there was no statistically significant change in ΔE at different periods. There was no statistically significant difference concerning patient satisfaction between group E and group Z (p-value = 0.432, effect size = 0.298). There was no change by time in scores in each group.

CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, both IPS e.max CAD and IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime crowns provide satisfactory esthetic outcomes. However, ZirCAD Prime exhibited a superior ability to replicate natural tooth shades.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Shade matching is a critical skill for dental clinicians, playing an important role in achieving optimal esthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction. Accurate color selection ensures that restorations seamlessly blend with natural teeth, maintaining a harmonious smile. Precise shade matching contributes significantly to patient satisfaction by meeting their esthetic expectations and boosting their confidence. How to cite this article: Eid NK, Sherif RM, Rabie KA. Clinical Evaluation of Shade Matching and Patient Satisfaction of Gradient Zirconia vs Lithium Disilicate Crowns in the Esthetic Zone: Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(5):481-487.

AIM: To evaluate and compare the salivary pH and oral clearance rate following the use of four different commercially available antitussive lozenges, in order to assess their potential impact on oral health.

MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: A total of 40 healthy young adults were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each): Group I - Strepsils, group II - Koflet, group III - TusQ, and group IV - Vicks. Baseline unstimulated saliva samples were collected 1 hour after breakfast. After lozenge consumption, stimulated saliva samples were collected at 5-minute intervals up to 30 minutes. Salivary pH was measured using a calibrated digital pH meter. Oral clearance time was determined based on the time required for the salivary pH to return to baseline. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: All groups showed a salivary pH drop after lozenge use, with TusQ having the largest drop (3.73) and Koflet the smallest (5.74) at 5 minutes. pH levels gradually increased, with no significant differences between groups by 30 minutes. Koflet maintained higher pH at most times, while Strepsils had higher pH than TusQ at 10 and 15 minutes. Oral clearance time was shortest for Koflet (12.7 ± 2.34 minutes) and longest for Vicks (19.4 ± 2.67 minutes), with Koflet significantly different from the others.

CONCLUSION: The study concluded that different commercially available antitussive lozenges significantly influenced salivary pH and oral clearance time, highlighting their varying potential to impact oral health. Products with lower pH and prolonged clearance times may pose a higher risk for enamel erosion and caries, emphasizing the need for careful consideration when using such lozenges frequently.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the significance of evaluating the erosive potential and oral clearance time of commonly used over-the-counter lozenges. Lozenges with low pH, high acidity, and extended oral retention can increase the risk of dental erosion and caries, particularly in vulnerable populations. The findings emphasize the need for dental professionals to advise patients on safer alternatives and urge manufacturers to create more tooth-friendly products. How to cite this article: Wankhede SD, Vishwakarma PK, Dodamani AS, et al. pH Modulation and Salivary Clearance Rate of Different Antitussive Lozenges in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(5):458-461.

AIM: The present study evaluates the marginal adaptation, shade matching, and patient satisfaction of polychromatic feldspathic porcelain laminate veneers compared to hybrid ceramic multicolor laminate veneers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 patients required one side veneer to restore discolored, fractured, or maligned anterior teeth. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of restoration used. The Comparator group included patients receiving multicolor feldspathic (TriLuxe forte) laminate veneers Intervention group included patients receiving Multicolor hybrid ceramic laminate veneers (multicolored Vita Enamic). After final cementation, Marginal Adaptation, Shade matching, and Patient satisfaction were evaluated according to the modified USPHS criteria, after 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up intervals.

RESULTS: Marginal adaptation and patient satisfaction showed a statistically insignificant difference (p > 0.05) between both tested groups at all intervals, whereas, color stability had a statistically insignificant difference (p > 0.05) between both tested at T0 and T1, but there was a statistically significant difference (p-value 0.05) between both tested groups at T1 and T2; however, that difference was clinically insignificant. Both groups showed acceptable marginal adaptation, suitable color matching, and color stability with high patient satisfaction.

CONCLUSION: After 1-year of follow-up, TriLuxe forte and multicolored Vita Enamic laminate veneers showed successful marginal adaptation, shade matching, and patient satisfaction. This indicates that both materials can be recommended to be used as anterior single or multiple veneer restorations in clinical situations for optimum esthetic outcome. How to cite this article: Naji KF, Al Ansary HE, Elnaggar GAE, et al. Marginal Adaptation, Shade Matching, and Patient Satisfaction of Polychromatic Feldspathic Porcelain vs Polychromatic Hybrid Ceramic Laminate Veneers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(5):433-447.

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is an immune-mediated single-organ vasculitis. It is a self-limiting disorder. Common triggers are drugs, infections, malignancy, or underlying autoimmune conditions. Here we discuss the case of an obese, middle-aged hypertensive female who presented with painful right lower limb swelling and productive cough for the last 5 days. She underwent medical and surgical management and was treated as a case of cellulitis with bilateral pneumonia. During the treatment course, she developed a nonblanchable petechial rash, which initially was attributed to the antimicrobial agent (piperacillin-tazobactam), but the culture report of the purulent sputum provoked the broadening of the differential diagnoses to include alternate causes for the rash, which proved to be a diagnostic dilemma.

A 19-year-old girl from a consanguineous marriage showed signs of delayed motor developmental milestones since infancy, a protuberant abdomen, and failure to thrive. She suffered from cor pulmonale as a result of restrictive lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic interstitial lung disease. Diagnosed with resistant rickets elsewhere, she was on treatment with Joulie's solution. Physical examination revealed an undernourished state and features of rickets. Laboratory results were suggestive of proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), dyslipidemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Skeletal X-rays confirmed rickets, and an abdominal ultrasound showed hepatomegaly. Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous missense variant in the SLC2A2 gene (p.Glu486Gly), confirming Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS). Management included phosphorus, bicarbonate, vitamin D supplementation, dietary changes, and conservative care. Follow-up showed improvement in height. Fanconi and Bickel (1949) initially reported the rare disorder known as FBS, which is attributed to mutations in the glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) transporter gene. Due to its autosomal recessive inheritance, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis are essential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the world of a novel genetic mutation causing FBS.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, recurrent, transmural inflammatory disease with lesions anywhere in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Takayasu arteritis (TA) is an idiopathic, chronic, granulomatous inflammatory panarteritis that involves the aorta and its branches, known as "pulseless disease." Crohn's disease and TA are both associated, as both are granulomatous disorders, and multiple cases of simultaneous occurrence of both diseases have been reported. Here we are reporting a rare case of simultaneous CD and TA in a young female who had a large enteroenteric fistula between the colon and jejunum and total occlusion of both subclavian arteries with reformed collaterals. The patient was managed with IV antibiotic, IV fluid, and steroid. This unique presentation underscores the importance of considering a potential association between the two conditions in patients presenting with GI symptoms and vascular symptoms.

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraproteinemia is usually associated with either lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) or Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). Manifestations due to IgM paraprotein include hyperviscosity, acquired coagulopathy, cryoglobulinemia, vasculitis, and cold antibody-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia. These manifestations are seen in variable percentage of patients with LPL/WM. IgM myeloma constitutes only 0.5-1% of all myeloma cases. We describe a middle-aged female who presented with 5C's: cryoglobulinemia, coagulopathy (acquired von Willebrand disease), cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia, clot (thrombosis due to vasculitis), and cloudy vision (hyperviscosity syndrome) attributable to IgM paraprotein, but was diagnosed later with IgM myeloma. IgM is an important differential diagnosis of WM. The current case highlights such diagnostic challenges and their therapeutic considerations.

Paragonimiasis is a parasitic infection endemic in the northeastern states of India. Because the infection is largely restricted to endemic areas, suspecting and establishing a diagnosis are challenging in nonendemic areas. Here, we describe a rare case of paragonimiasis in a nonendemic area. We highlight the importance of meticulous history as well as the practical issues in establishing the diagnosis. We also describe the management and outcome of the patient.

Addison's disease is a rare endocrine disorder causing adrenal insufficiency and inadequate cortisol production. A 56-year-old chronic smoker presented with recurrent vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe hyponatremia. He had a 20 kg weight loss over 2 months, generalized weakness, dizziness, and hyperpigmentation. Laboratory tests showed hyponatremia (108 mEq/L), hyperkalemia (6.1 mEq/L), low fasting cortisol (0.65 µg/dL), and elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (705 pg/mL). Imaging revealed bilateral adrenal enlargement and lymphadenopathy, confirming Addison's disease with adrenal crisis. Immediate IV hydrocortisone led to clinical improvement, stabilizing blood pressure and electrolyte balance. He was transitioned to oral steroids and discharged in stable condition with counseling and an emergency medical information card. This case highlights the need for early recognition and prompt treatment of adrenal crisis to prevent fatal outcomes. Increased clinician awareness can facilitate timely diagnosis and intervention, improving patient prognosis and reducing mortality risk.